GROUP10_FOSTERS:algorithm of g back n arq

SENDER

Sw = 2 ^m -1;
Sf = 0;
Sn = 0;

While ( true)
{
Waitforevent ( );
If (event (requesttosend) )
{
If (Sn-Sf >=Sw)
Sleep ( );
Getdata ( ) ;
Makeframes (Sn);
Storeframes (Sn);
Sendframes (Sn);
Sn =Sn+1;
If ( timer not running)
Starttimer ( );
}

If ( event ( arrivalnotification ) )

{
Receive (ACK);
If ( corrupted (ACK) )
Sleep ( );
If ( ( ackno > Sf ) && ( ackno <= Sn ) ) ;
While ( Sf <= ackno )
{
Purgeframe ( Sf );
Sf = Sf + 1;
}
Stoptimer ( );
}

If ( event ( timeout ) )

{
Starttimer ( ) ;
Temp = Sf ;
While ( temp < Sn );
{
Sendframe ( Sf );
Sf = Sf + 1;
}

}
}

RECEIVER

Rn = 0;

While ( true )
{
Waitforevent ( ) ;
If ( event (arrivalnotification ) )
{
Receive ( frame ) ;
If ( corrupted ( frame ) )
Sleep ( ) ;
If ( seqno == Rn )
{
Deliverdata ( ) ;
Rn = Rn + 1 ;
sendACK ( Rn ) ;
}
}
}

Network Protocol Analysis

Official Report Generated by the tool itself.

Summary Statistics

Diagnosis Events

Protocol Statistics

TOP 10 IP Protocol

TOP 10 Physical Addresses

TOP 10 IP Addresses

TOP 10 Local IP Addresses

TOP 10 Remote IP Addresses

Go Back N ARQ

Group14_Indigo:Grp B project

Group10_Fosters_Group B Project PPT

CC Lab Final Test for 5 A

Logistics:

1. Everyone HAS to be INSIDE the Lab at 9.00am
2. Whoever misses this 9.00am entry WILL NOT be allowed to write the test
3. Every team HAS to bring BOTH their Group A and Group B Projects loaded in their respective laptops.
4. I donot expect it to be deployed on the machines of the Lab
5. Every Student of 5 A writing the test tomorrow WILL have to get a BLANK Blue Book

Conduction of the Test:

• During the first 1.5 hours, that is from 9.15am  to 10.45am, there will be a written test.
• This is the VIVA portion of the test.
• The Project Teams will be asked to sit next to one another.
• Every team member takes a seat in front of a lab computer.
• I will personally make this seating arrangement.
• Every Student is expected to write in his / her individual Blue Book the answers.
• Each team member of a project team will be given a DIFFERENT Question Paper.
• DONOT even ATTEMPT  to copy from your neighbour, because the questions asked to you is entirely different from the question asked to your team member.

Test Question Patterns and Style

1. The question paper will contain TWO generic fundamental questions related to Computer Communication Subject
2. This HAS to be attempted by ALL Students.
3. Here again, these two questions are different for EVERY team member, so you can’t copy!
4. The questions are ALL Subjective. No Objective Type. No Choices.
5. After these two questions, you need to answer ONE Question from Group A Project List of Questions.
6. You need to answer the question pertaining to YOUR Project ONLY.
7. Lastly, there will be ONE Question from Group B Projects. Here again, you need to answer the Question pertaining to YOUR Project ONLY.

Portions to Revise and Come:

1. Port Address, Logical Address, Physical Address.

Comment: I have asked some “fundu” brain-teasers from this. So read this portion.

This is one of the two “generic” questions, wherein the understanding of some fndanemtnal networking

concepts is checked.

You will be able to answer ONLY if you have UNDERSTOOD.

These are NOT Direct Questions. No POINT MUGGING UP…Won’t help!

Clue: Its taken from the list of questions from the back of the Chapter.

2. Standard Organisations

3.  I took some of the questions from your Group Blogs and Presentations Uploaded there.

Comment: Have a good look at what you are “supposed” to have typed on your own!

4. Comparison of the Tools Used for Group A Projects

5. Group B Project —- Study the Psuedocode if it is ARQ project and the method if its Hamming Code / CRC

6. Installation Procedures of Group A Projects and Problems Faced

7. Questions and Answers

8. You should be thorough with your Group B Projects Working and Understanding.

ALL THE BEST!

—Mydhili

GROUP10_FOSTERS : TCP/IP utilities

TCP/IP utilities offer network connections to other computers. You must have the TCP/IP network protocol installed to use the TCP/IP utilities.

Some of the imp IP utilities are :

• Packet internet groper ( ping)
• Address resolution protocol (ARP) and reverse ARP ( RARP)
• Netstat and tpcon
• Nbtstat
• IP configuration utilities : ipconfig, winipcfg, config and ifconfig.
• Route tracing utilities :  traceroute, tracert and iptrace.

PING

It is a simple but highly useful command-line utility included in the most implementations of TCP/IP. Ping can be used with either the host name or the IP address to teat IP connectivity. It works by sending ICMP echo request to the destination computer, the receiving computer sends back the echo reply message .

ARP and RARP:

Arp is the means by witch networked computers map logical IP addresses to the physical address ( MAC). It builds and maintains a table called the ARP cache which will contain these mappings.

RARP is user by a machine that doesn’t know it s IP address to obtain the information based on its MAC address.

Netstat/ tpcon:

These are often used to view network statistics. The netstat command is used in wo\indows and UNIX to display TCP/IP connection and protocol information. It is also used for finding problems in the network and to determine the amount of traffic on the network as a performance measurement.

IP configuration utilities:

The TCP / IP configuration information can be displayed usine the following utilities depending  on the operating systems

• Ipconfig :  windows NT and windows 2000
• Winipcfg :windows 95 and 98
• Ifconfig : UNIX and LINUX
• Config : netware ( server console)

Router tracing utilities:

This include tracert , iptrace and traceroute  . it is often useful to trace the route a packet takes on its journey from source computer to the destination host. TCP/IP stacks include a route tracing utility that enables us to identify the routers through which the message is passed.

These can be used according to the operating systems  i.e.

• Tracert : windows
• Iptrace : netware NLM
• Traceroute : UNIX / linux

Group20_Dynamic Networks:group B slides

Group2_OLDBRIDGE:NEXI – Robot

The Nexi Robot

The Nexi Robot (Great Idea) by Toney Allman will fascinate you from beginning to end. It relates the quest of MIT robotics professor Cynthia Breazeal to build a social robot, one that learns like a person does and that interacts with people in a social way. Much different than tool and task oriented robots that dominate the robotics field, social robots are designed to learn from people and interact with people, understanding and showing emotions.

Author Toney Allman does a great job of making these complicated ideas understandable and stimulating. Sometimes the author struggles to keep the writing simple all the way through. At times the level is appropriate for a skilled 2nd grade reader, but overall we’re looking at a book aimed at 3rd and 4th graders and up. The format follows a younger reader level, but don’t let kids be put off. They’ll be rewarded with an excellent story about scientific inquiry that is sure to spur their imaginations and help shape their career and educational choices. I recommend this book for any school or public library or for a kid interested in robotics or engineering.

Here is a “Robots to the Rescue”, a short video kids might enjoy staring Nexi and another flying robot. At the end, you’ll see that Nexi looks like it could use a good dose of Visine as it blinks away the smokey sting from its eyes.

NEXI – Robot with facial expressions

A latest invention by MIT Media Lab is a new robot that is able to show various facial expressions such as ‘slanting its eyebrows in anger’, or ‘raise them in surprise’, and show a wide assortment of facial expressions while communicating with people.

This latest achievement in the field of Robotics is named NEXI as it is framed as the next generation robots which is aimed for a range of applications for personal robots and human-robot teamwork.

DESIGNING

The head and face of NEXI were designed by Xitome Design which is a innovative designing and development company that specializes in robotic design and development. The expressive robotics started with a neck mechanism sporting 4 degrees of freedom (DoF) at the base, plus pan-tilt-yaw of the head itself. The mechanism has been constructed to time the movements so they mimic human speed. The face of NEXI has been specially designed to use gaze, eyebrows, eyelids and an articulate mandible which helps in expressing a wide range of different emotions.

The chassis of NEXI is also advanced. It has been developed by the Laboratory for Perceptual Robotics UMASS (University of Massachusetts), Amherst. This chassis is based on the uBot5 mobile manipulator. The mobile base can balance dynamically on two wheels. The arms of NEXI can pick up a weight of up to 10 pounds and the plastic covering of the chassis can detect any kind of human touch.

CYNTHIA BREAZEAL: HEAD OF THE PROJECT

This project was headed by Media Lab’s Cynthia Breazeal, a well known robotics expert famous for earlier expressive robots such as Kismet. She is an Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences at the MIT. She named her new product as an MDS (mobile, dextrous, social) robot.

FEATURES OF NEXI

Except a wide range of facial expressions, Nexi has many other features. It has self-balancing wheels like the Segway transporter, to ultimately ride on. Currently it uses an additional set of supportive wheels to operate as a statically stable platform in its early stage of development. It has hands which can be used to manipulate objects, eyes (video cameras), ears (an array of microphones), and a 3-D infrared camera and laser rangefinder which support real-time tracking of objects, people and voices as well as indoor navigation.

Group2_OLDBRIDGE:Forget Windows: Midori is coming

Is Midori Really the Next Windows?

The Windows 7 craze is barely over, and yet the internet is already buzzing with the next big thing from Microsoft: a project called Midori. The SD Times claims to have seen internal Microsoft documents detailing what Midori actually is, and they say it’s the clean-break from Windows many of us have been waiting for. The SD Times article is heavy on the details, and quite technical, but luckily Ars Technica provides a more accessible summary of what Microsoft has in store for Midori.

Microsoft promised an operating system written in managed code a long time ago, but instead we got Vista – the managed code came with too many compatibility problems. Midori, being based on Singularity, is written entirely in managed code. In addition, it is built for a ‘cloud computing’ world.

According to Ars’ Peter Bright, Microsoft is facing two major problems in its future operating systems strategy. We are all very familiar with the first problem: compatibility. The soft and hardware world is ever changing and evolving, and Microsoft’s commitment to providing as much backwards compatibility as possible is holding the development of its flagship product back. Many have advocated using a virtual machine for backwards compatibility, much like Apple did with Mac OS 9 in Mac OS X, or os/2 with DOS and Windows 3.x. This would allow Microsoft to make a clean API break, without wrecking backwards compatibility.

Midori seems to be doing just that, while allowing for a rather clever migration path. Midori will not only run as a stand-alone operating system, but also under the Hyper-V hypervisor, and even as a process under Windows. Bright explains that the migration path is a three-stage process:

Initially, then, Midori might work as just another Windows program used for cloud applications. As Midori applications become more abundant and can be used for more day-to-day computing tasks, it can run as a complete OS under Hyper-V, so the machine would be shared between a (legacy) Windows virtual machine and a (new and shiny) Midori VM. Further still into the future, as Windows applications become less and less necessary, Midori can be run as the sole OS on a machine, with the occasional Windows app relegated to a virtual machine.

The second problem arises from the cloud computing thing. Being geared for cloud computing means you need to have the ability to run on not 2 or 4 cores, but maybe hundreds, thousands of them. Developing for multiple processors or cores is already a major challenge for developers today dealing with a few cores, so you can imagine how complicated things get when we’re talking hundreds of cores. With Midori, Microsoft is aiming to make it significantly easier to do parallel programming, enabling programers to efficiently utilise the benefits of having a vast amount of cores available.

This is all still speculation at this point, as Microsoft’s official response when inquired about Midori is that it is an incubation project, and one of many, at that. It is far too early to claim that Midori is the next Windows, just as it was far too early to claim that Singularity was the next Windows. Microsoft Research is a big place with lots of interesting projects going on, and Midori seems to “just” be one of them, no more, no less.

I concur with what Peter Bright concludes: developing an operating system to supersede Windows that is “fundamentally designed for cloud computing” seems like a “risky gamble”. As Bright concludes:

Midori could be anything from a complete dead-end, to the OS 95 percent of the world will be running in five to ten years.I suspect that the truth will lie somewhere in between; a future Microsoft OS will use virtualization to provide backwards compatibility, and that future OS will use managed code. Finally, the asynchronous, networked, fault-tolerant parts will materialize within the next year as part of Microsoft’s cloud computing initiative – a software platform, libraries, and tools. Indeed, this cloud computing platform might be Midori.

WINDOWS is a name that has ruled the whole computer world since its first launch in November 1985. Since then it is like a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

With many advanced versions of Windows available today such as Windows XP, Windows Vista, it is the most used operating system in the world. In 2010, Microsoft is going to launch WINDOWS 2007, but now here is time to experience a yet another technology of operating systems.

Yes, MICROSOFT is working on a new generation of operating systems called Cloud-Based Operating System and rumors are there that MIDORI will be their first such operating system, which will replace Windows fully from computer map.

WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE

MIDORI is an offshoot of Microsoft Research’s Singularity operating system. In this the tools and libraries are completely managed code. MIDORI is designed to run directly on native hardware (x86, x64 and ARM), will be hosted on the Windows Hyper-V hypervisor, or even be hosted by a Windows process.

MIDORI can be also seen as MICROSOFT’S answer those competitors who are applying “Virtualization” as a mean to solving issues within contemporary computing.

The main idea behind MIDORI is to develop a lightweight portable OS which can be mated easily to lots of various applications.

IMPORTANCE OF MIDORI

For knowing the importance of MIDORI you have to think about, how an operating system is loaded on a computer. Actually operating system is loaded onto a hard disk physically located on that machine. In this way, the operating system is tied very tightly to that hardware. As Windows is dependent on hardware, it might face opposition from contemporary ways of working because people are extremely mobile in using different devices in order get diverse information.

Due to this trend installing different applications on a single computer may led to different compatibility issues whenever the machine require updating. The new operating system will solve these problems by the concept of Virtualizing. This will solve problems such as widespread security vulnerabilities, unexpected interactions among different applications, failures caused by errant extensions, plug-ins, and drivers and many more.

ERIC RUDDER, Senior Vice President, Technical Strategy

The importance of this project for MICROSOFT can be understood by the fact that company choose Eric Rudder , former head of Microsoft’s server and tools business and a key member of Chairman Bill Gates’ faction of the company, to handle it.

WHEN WILL IT BE LAUNCHED

Just Wait and See. Microsoft has not declared any such date about launching of MIDORI, but there are rumors that this project is in incubation phase.

According to a report, Microsoft isn’t just looking at the next version of Windows (no, not Mojave) for future OS possibilities, but is looking beyond the Windows architecture altogether with a project known as Midori. The new OS is still in the “incubation” phase (which puts it slightly closer to market than R&D projects), but Microsoft has admitted to its existence, and the Software Daily Times says at least one team in Redmond is actively working on the new architecture.

The basis for the platform centers around research related to Microsoft’s Singularity project, and envisions a distributed environment where applications, documents, and connectivity are blurred in a cloud-computing phantasmagoria which can be run natively or hosted across multiple systems. The researchers are working to create a concurrent / parallel distribution of resources, as well as a method of handling applications across separate machines — religiously-dubbed the Asynchronous Promise Architecture — which will set the stage for a backwards-compatible operating system built from the ground up, with networks of varying size in mind. Says the SD Times, “The Midori documents foresee applications running across a multitude of topologies, ranging from client-server and multi-tier deployments to peer-to-peer at the edge, and in the cloud data center. Those topologies form a heterogeneous mesh where capabilities can exist at separate places.” Like it technical? Hit the read link for an in-depth look at the possible shape of Microsoft’s future.king to create a concurrent / parallel distribution of resources, as well as a method of handling applications across separate machines — religiously-dubbed the Asynchronous Promise Architecture — which will set the stage for a backwards-compatible operating system built from the ground up, with networks of varying size in mind. Says the SD Times, “The Midori documents foresee applications running across a multitude of topologies, ranging from client-server and multi-tier deployments to peer-to-peer at the edge, and in the cloud data center. Those topologies form a heterogeneous mesh where capabilities can exist at separate places.” Like it technical? Hit the read link for an in-depth look at the possible shape of Microsoft’s future.